RPM CHEATSHEET
Common usage of yum/dnf to do nifty things.
FEDORA DUMP/IMPORT RPMS TO/FROM FILE
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Dump
dnf repoquery -a --installed --qf "%{name}" > rpms.txt -
Import
dnf -y install $(cat rpms.txt) or cat rpms.txt | xargs dnf -y install
EL6, EL7, AMAZON LINUX DUMP/IMPORT RPMS TO/FROM FILE
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Dump
repoquery -a --installed --qf "%{name}" > rpms.txt -
Import
yum -y install $(cat rpms.txt) or cat rpms.txt | xargs yum -y install
SEARCH FOR INSTALLED PACKAGES FROM SINGLE REPOSITORY
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EL8+, Fedora
dnf search from_repo REPONAME |awk -F"\n" '{ RS=""; print $1 }' -
EL6, EL7, Amazon Linux
yumdb search from_repo REPONAME | awk -F"\n" '{ RS=""; print $1 }'
REMOVING ALL PACKAGES FROM A SINGLE REPOSITORY
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EL8+, Fedora
dnf repository-packages REPOID remove -
EL6, EL7, Amazon
yum repository-packages REPOID remove
RPM DEPENDENCY ERRORS
PACKAGE WENT AWOL
Not sure why this can occur, but it does. When an update or package install happens, you should pull in any new dependencies that arrive. Should this fail, here is how to fix it.
sudo yum check
sudo yum reinstall BROKEN_PACKAGE
sudo yum check
Here is a sample output, forced by removing fuse-sshfs
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The error noticed while doing another transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. ** Found 1 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows: x2goserver-4.0.1.20-1.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of sshfs -
Troubleshoot
$ sudo yum check Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, : subscription-manager x2goserver-4.0.1.20-1.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of sshfs Error: check all -
Fix
$ sudo yum reinstall x2goserver Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, : subscription-manager Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package x2goserver.x86_64 0:4.0.1.20-1.el7 will be reinstalled --> Processing Dependency: sshfs for package: x2goserver-4.0.1.20-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package fuse-sshfs.x86_64 0:2.5-1.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Reinstalling: x2goserver x86_64 4.0.1.20-1.el7 epel 108 k Installing for dependencies: fuse-sshfs x86_64 2.5-1.el7 epel 58 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install ( 1 Dependent package) Reinstall 1 Package Total download size: 166 k Installed size: 440 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/2): fuse-sshfs-2.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 58 kB 00:05 (2/2): x2goserver-4.0.1.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 108 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 27 kB/s | 166 kB 00:06 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : fuse-sshfs-2.5-1.el7.x86_64 1/2 Installing : x2goserver-4.0.1.20-1.el7.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : x2goserver-4.0.1.20-1.el7.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : fuse-sshfs-2.5-1.el7.x86_64 2/2 Installed: x2goserver.x86_64 0:4.0.1.20-1.el7 Dependency Installed: fuse-sshfs.x86_64 0:2.5-1.el7 Complete! -
Ensure nothing else is broken
$ sudo yum check Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, : subscription-manager check all
DUPE PACKAGES
If you run into an issue where you have one or more of this:
Error: Multilib version problems found. This often means that the root
cause is something else and multilib version checking is just
pointing out that there is a problem. Eg.:
1. You have an upgrade for libcurl which is missing some
dependency that another package requires. Yum is trying to
solve this by installing an older version of libcurl of the
different architecture. If you exclude the bad architecture
yum will tell you what the root cause is (which package
requires what). You can try redoing the upgrade with
--exclude libcurl.otherarch ... this should give you an error
message showing the root cause of the problem.
2. You have multiple architectures of libcurl installed, but
yum can only see an upgrade for one of those architectures.
If you don't want/need both architectures anymore then you
can remove the one with the missing update and everything
will work.
3. You have duplicate versions of libcurl installed already.
You can use "yum check" to get yum show these errors.
...you can also use --setopt=protected_multilib=false to remove
this checking, however this is almost never the correct thing to
do as something else is very likely to go wrong (often causing
much more problems).
Protected multilib versions: libcurl-7.29.0-59.el7_9.1.x86_64 != libcurl-7.29.0-57.el7_8.1.x86_64
Error: Protected multilib versions: nx-libs-3.5.99.25-2.el7.x86_64 != nx-libs-3.5.99.24-1.el7.x86_64
Not a good issue to have, but very fixable. The caveat is likely a bit on the manual side.
So first we want yum to do whatever it can automatically for us to clean up any dupes.
sudo package-cleanup --cleandupes
If that doesn't fully fix it (sometimes you get lucky and it actually will), you can try this variation of the command instead:
sudo package-cleanup --cleandupes --removenewestdupes
If that still isn't quite doing it, then its going to be manual from here on.
To fix the above example, we need to remove the RPM DB entry for the older package, and reinstall the new one to ensure everything went properly.
sudo rpm -e --justdb libcurl-7.29.0-57.el7_8.1
sudo yum reinstall libcurl
sudo rpm --rebuilddb
sudo rpm -e --justdb nx-libs-3.5.99.24-1.el7
sudo yum reinstall nx-libs
sudo rpm --rebuilddb
sudo yum check
You will need to do that for each broken element and conclude with the yum check to validate all is good. The output there will also remind you of anything that still needs repair.